Dementia can affect much more than memory. Many people also develop changes in mood, behaviour, sleep, perception, and personality. These are called behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Common dementia behaviour changes may include: • Irritability, anger, or aggression in dementia • Restlessness or agitation in elderly people • Anxiety, fear, or suspiciousness • Depression or loss of interest • Repeated questions or repetitive behaviour • Sleep disturbance or increased confusion in the evening • Hallucinations in dementia, especially in some types such as Lewy body dementia • Delusions, such as believing that belongings have been stolen • Wandering or difficulty remaining settled • Changes in social behaviour or personality These symptoms are not always caused only by progression of dementia. Pain, constipation, infection, dehydration, poor sleep, medication effects, unfamiliar surroundings, or difficulty communicating needs can also worsen behaviour. Understanding the possible reason behind a behavioural change is important. Management may include correcting medical triggers, modifying the environment, improving communication, establishing routines, and using medication selectively when clinically appropriate. Recognising behavioural symptoms of dementia can help families respond with greater understanding rather than viewing these changes as intentional behaviour. Dr. Aditya Patil Consultant Psychiatrist Mana Sajjana Clinic, Pimple Saudagar, Pune 9975573437